Rules of congregational prayers

1469. When a follower makes his Niyyat, it is necessary for him to specify the Imam. But, it is not necessary for him to know his name. If he makes Niyyat that he is following the Imam of the present congregation, his prayer is in order.

1470. It is necessary for the follower to recite all the things of the prayers himself, except Surah Al – Hamd and the other Surah. However, if his first or second Rak’at coincides with third or fourth Rak’at of the Imam, he should recite Surah Al – Hamd and Surah.

1471. If the follower hears Surah Al - Hamd and Surah of Imam in the first and second Rak’at of the Fajr, Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers, he should not recite them, even if he may not be able to distinguish the words. And if he does not hear the voice of the Imam, it is Mustahab that he should recite Surah Al - Hamd and Surah silently. However, as per precautionary measures, he should not recite the Al – Hamd and Surah with the intention of it being the part of Namaz but just for the sake of Qurbat, and if he recites them loudly by mistake, there is no harm.

1472. If the follower hears some words of Surah Al – Hamd and the other Surah recited by Imam, as per obligatory precaution, he should not recite the Surah Al – Hamd and other Surah.

1473. If the follower recites Surah Al – Hamd and the other Surah by mistake, or recites Surah Al – Hamd and Surah thinking that the voice he heard was not the voice of Imam, and if he later realizes that it was the voice of Imam, his prayers are in order.

1474. If a follower doubts whether he is hearing the voice of Imam, or if he does not know whether the voice he hears is that of Imam or someone else, he can recite Surah Al – Hamd and the other Surah with the intention of Qurbat.

1475. It is Makrooh that the follower recites Surah Al – Hamd and Surah in the first and second Rak’ats of Zuhr and ‘Asr prayers and it is Mustahab that instead of them he should recite Zikr.

1476. The follower should not say Takbiratul Ihram before the Imam. Instead, as per precautionary measures, he should not say the Takbir until the Takbir of the Imam is completed.

1477. If the follower hears the Salam of an Imam, or he knows that at what time Imam will say his Salam, as per recommended precaution, he should not say his Salam before Imam. And if the follower, intentionally or mistakenly, says the Salam, before the Imam does it, his prayer is in order, and it is not necessary that he should say Salam again along with the Imam.

1478. If a follower recites other parts of prayers other than Takbiratul Ihram before the Imam, there is no objection. But, if he hears them being recited by the Imam, or if he knows when Imam is going to recite them, as per recommended precaution, he should not recite them before the Imam.

1479. It is necessary for the follower that, besides that which is recited in the prayers, he should perform all acts like Ruku’ and Sajdah with the Imam or a little after him, and if he performs them before the Imam, or after a considerable delay, intentionally, his congregational prayers is in order, however, he has committed sin. And as per precautionary measures, he should complete the prayers and repeat it again. And if he intentionally goes into Ruku’ before Qira’at is completed, his prayers will become void.

1480. If a follower raises his head from Ruku’ before the Imam by mistake, and if the Imam is still in Ruku’, he (the follower) should return to Ruku’, and then raise his head with the Imam. In this case, the extra Ruku’, which is a Rukn, will not invalidate the prayers. However, if Imam raises his head before the follower reaches him in Ruku’, the prayer of the follower will be void.

1481. If a follower raises his head by mistake, and sees that the Imam is in Sajdah, he should return to Sajdah, and if it happens in both the Sajdah, the prayers will not be void, although two Sajdah which is a Rukn has been added.

1482. If a person raises his head from Sajdah before the Imam by mistake, and as he returns to Sajdah he realizes that the Imam has already raised his head, his prayer is in order. But, if it happens in both the Sajdah, his prayer is void.

1483. If a follower raises his head from Ruku’ or Sajdah before Imam by mistake, and does not return to Ruku’ or Sajdah forgetfully, or thinking that he will not reach the Imam, his congregational prayer is in order.

1484. If a follower raises his head from Sajdah and sees that the Imam is still in Sajdah, he joins the Imam in Sajdah thinking that it is Imam’s first Sajdah, and later realizes that it was actually Imam’s second, the Sajdah of the follower will be considered as his second. But if he goes into Sajdah thinking that it is the second

Sajdah of Imam, and later learns that it was Imam’s first, he should join Imam in that Sajdah, and also in the subsequent one. In both the cases, as per obligatory precaution, it is better that he prays again, after completing the congregational prayers.

1485. If a follower goes to Ruku’ before the Imam by mistake, and realizes that if he raises his head, he may reach some part of the Qira’at (Surah) of the Imam, and if he does so, then goes to Ruku’ again with the Imam, his prayers are in order. And if he does not return intentionally, his prayers are void.

1486. If a follower goes to Ruku’ before Imam by mistake, and realizes that if he returns to the state of Qiyam, he will not reach any part of the Qira’at of Imam, and if he waits in Ruku’ so that Imam reaches him, his prayers is in order. And if he raises his head just for the sake of offering prayers with the Imam, and then goes to Ruku’ again with Imam, as per recommended precaution, after completing the congregational prayers, he should repeat his prayers.

1487. If a follower goes to Sajdah before the Imam by mistake, and if he waits in Sajdah so that Imam reaches him in Sajdah, his prayers will be in order. And if he raises his head with the intention of joining Imam, and doing Sajdah with the Imam, as per recommended precaution, after completing the congregational prayers, he should repeat his prayers.

1488. If Imam mistakenly recites Qunoot in a Rak’at which does not have Qunoot, or recites Tashahhud in a Rak’at which does not have Tashahhud, the follower should not recite Qunoot or Tashahhud. But, he cannot go to Ruku’ before the Imam or rise before the Imam rises. In fact, he should wait till the Qunoot or Tashahhud of Imam ends, and offer the remaining prayers with him.