The sun

192. The sun makes the earth, building, and other things such as doors and windows which are installed in the buildings and also the nails which are beaten up in the wall, Pak, provided the following five conditions are fulfilled:

1. The Najis thing should be sufficiently wet, that if reaches another thing it makes that thing wet too, and if it is dry it should be made wet so that the sun dries it up.
2. If the essentially Najis thing is present on that thing, it should be removed from it before it is dried by the sun.
3. Nothing should intervene between the Najis thing and the sun. Therefore, if the rays fall on the Najis thing from behind a curtain etc. or a cloud, and makes it dry, the thing will not become Pak. But, if the cloud is so thin that it does not serve as an impediment, between the Najis thing and the sun, there is no harm.
4. Only the sun should make the Najis thing dry. So, if a Najis thing is jointly dried by the wind and the sun, it will not become Pak. However, it would not matter if the wind blows lightly, and it may not be said that it has had any share in making the Najis thing dry.
5. The sun should dry up the whole Najis part of the building all at once. If the sun dries the surface of the Najis earth, or building, first, and later

on dries the inner part, only the surface will become Pak, and the inner portion will remain Najis.

193. Becoming Pak of a Najis mat by the sun is a matter of Ishkal. However, the tree, its branches, fruits, leaves etc., while they all are attached to the earth, becomes Pak, when the sun shines on them.

194. If the sun shines on Najis earth, and one doubts later whether the earth was wet or not at that time or whether the wetness dried up because of the sunshine or not, the earth will remain Najis.

Similarly, if one doubts whether essentially Najis thing had been removed from the earth before sunshine, or whether there was any impediment preventing direct sunshine, the earth will remain Najis.

195. If the sun shines on one side of a Najis wall, the other side will not be considered Pak.